Act on the climate

Fight against desertification :

Considering the following oceanic and meteorological characteristics :

THE AZORES ANTICYCLONE : a barrier against atmospheric disturbance from the North Atlantic ;

THE CANARIES STREAM : a cold entailing very low evaporation ;

THE SAHARAN AND ARABIAN ANTICYCLONES : anticyclonic conditions over large areas utterly devoid of water ; sunlight and dry air; high temperatures in the day-time and very low ones at night ;

Anticyclonic Conditions with existing water on land surface - "Inland seas" - : high evaporation (sunlight and dry air), low clouds , fogs; high condensation of fog water (marked difference between day- and night-time temperatures). The clouds, pushed by winds towards hilly land, produce condensation water or rain . Winds bringing sand dust help the transformation of humidity (fogs or clouds) into rain . Heat and humidity combined will cause thunderstorms and rain .
simoom 1 -2>
siroco
harmattan

THE THERMAL EQUATOR : intense sunlight ( from 3000 to 3500 hours per year) and high temperatures ;

Regions concerned are characterized by permanent aridity and high temperatures . The existing extreme desert covers about 7.000.000 km² and lands with a very high risk of desertification cover about 2.000.000 km² .

"INLAND SEAS" are absolutely essential to allow for the "water cycle" :

"Inland seas" may be created in the Ouadan, Djarabub, Rub el Khali (East) basins and in the basin of the Djerid, Gharsa and Melrhir depressions.

These zones may be layed out in many small basins to receive sea water and to obtain fresh water by direct desalination, food and industrial productions (salt chemistry) .
Sea water lakes

Sea water must be brought in huge amounts along many tens/hundreds kilometres through canals, tunnels and pipes; in some cases pumping and raising water level 200 metres becomes necessary . The entailed energy is very important and has to be supplied by solar and wind energies available in huge amounts . The day when water (level +200m) reaches a sufficient level and salt extraction reaches its limits, part of the energy invested in pumping and raising sea water may be recovered in the evacuation by gravitation of high salinity residual water .

Storage of salt :
It is no use returning salt produced in lakes to the sea .
Salt produced in lakes ("inland seas") and in depressions (ex. : the Kattara depression) can be used in :
- food and preservation
- industry and chemistry
- manufacture of salt bricks for house building
- storage in tight and solid bags to allow for the construction of simple structures :
* utility structures (installation of basins and channels, building of road foudations, ...)
* " monuments " (cumulus, ziggurats, pyramids, ...) in homage to the sea !
The main goal of water production in lakes ("inland seas") is to allow afforestation and then let nature be and care for its well-being .
Which requires much time, much effort and much work .

The desert moves many kilometres forward per year making it a question of survival .
Thirst becomes a threat even to water merchants .

- Large units of sea water distillation (solar-thermal-evaporation,thermal-exchange-condensation) inside arid lands to produce vast amounts of fresh water and atmospheric humidity ; sea salt production (salt chemistry) .
Considering weather conditions, these large units of distillation and "inland seas" represent the missing link in the "water cycle" for these arid lands ;

UNITS OF WATER AND ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION :
EACH UNIT IS A COMBINATION OF SOLAR/WIND ENERGY CHIMNEY AND HEAT PUMP .
solar energy chimneys

heat pump and cooling :
heat pump

Electric energy and water are produced within the same chimney . This chimney operates as a solar/wind power chimney to produce electric energy and with a heat pump to produce water by condensation . The wind power station (wind turbine with vertical axle) is installed at the bottom of the chimney flue .
The heat pump and a catch-drain for distilled water (water tower) are at the top of the flue .
This chimney has a very wide base and can stand in an area surrounded with water or stand inside a lake (with its base remaining all the while away from water) or in an area devoid of water altogether .
The base whose roof is built out of reinforced black or transparent plastic operates like a greenhouse in order to produce hot dry or damp air which is then pumped in and out (natural draught) through the vertical flue of the chimney.

The solar/wind energy chimney and the heat pump simulate (for the upward motion) the natural model of the atmospheric convection :
- the hot dry or damp air rises and gets cooler (eventually it rains),
- the cold air flows down and gets warmer (eventually gets humidity).
And the cycle starts again under the effect of solar energy.
At the bottom of the flue, the wind turbine converts part of the wind kinetic energy ( hot damp air) into electric energy.
At the top of the flue, a heat pump converts part of the humidity into (desalinized) water by thermal exchange.
Which makes it possible to produce electricity and desalinized water simultaneously through a solar/wind energy chimney and a heat pump.

A dangerous climate factor : GLOBAL WARMING .

Global warming is the result of an excess of gases entirely produced by human activities : carbon dioxide(carbon dioxide -in the carbon cycle and in the right proportions- is directly or indirectly necessary to the growth of organic bodies), methane, CFC, ozone and nitrous dioxide, gases which trap the solar radiation in the atmosphere (greenhouse gases). The soot produced by chimneys or the exhaust gas of cars, trucks and aircraft is one other cause of this phenomenon and of respiratory deseases.

Submarine methane hydrate : a very large energy reserve, but also a very great climatic risk .
submarine methane hydrate

A major risk :: global warming leads to high climate variability : worsening of storms, floods and drought.
global warming

Global warming (or global cooling) produced by thermal and/or magnetic solar cyclical activities is a structural phenomenon. The age of the Earth, as well as that of the Sun's, is computed in millions of years .

Mars is a planet which has lost almost all of its atmosphere with the remaining thin layer being composed of 96% of carbon dioxyde . This atmosphere produces asphyxation .
Healthy atmosphere is expelled by a harmful one .

(Major factor : the planet Mars is deprived of sufficient magnetic fields to protect its atmosphere from being taken away by " solar winds ").

The "Inland Seas" :

."Inland Seas" , areas layed out .
. Units of electrical stations and sea water desalination by a distillation process .
. hydrogenerators in straits and depressions .

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, EMPLOYMENT AND COOPERATION